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There have been 46 space missions to the planet Venus (including gravity-assist flybys). Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970.
The spacecraft definitively confirmed that humans cannot survive on the surface of Venus, and excluded the possibility of any liquid water on Venus. Venera 8: USSR: 22 July 1972: Within 150 km radius of : Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes. Venera 9 lander: USSR
Observations of the planet Venus include those in antiquity, telescopic observations, and from visiting spacecraft. Spacecraft have performed various flybys, orbits, and landings on Venus, including balloon probes that floated in the atmosphere of Venus. Study of the planet is aided by its relatively close proximity to the Earth, compared to ...
Over 20 successful space missions have visited Venus since 1962. The last European probe was ESA 's Venus Express , which was in polar orbit around the planet from 2006 to 2014. A Japanese probe, Akatsuki , failed in its first attempt to orbit Venus, but successfully reinserted itself into orbit on 7 December 2015.
Venera-D is a proposed mission to Venus that would include a highly capable orbiter and a lander. From the standpoint of total mass delivered to Venus, the best launch opportunities occur in 2026 and 2031; [10] however, as of March 2021, Venera-D is planned for launch no earlier than November 2029. [11]
Even though Venus is violently hostile to life, the planet is so similar to our own in makeup and location that it's often referred to as Earth's twin Venus may once have been habitable. Now it ...
Humanity has reached different types of astronomical bodies, but the longest and most diverse presence (including non-human, e.g. sprouting plants [54]) has been on the Moon, particularly because it is the first and only extraterrestrial body having been directly visited by humans. Space probes have been establishing and mediating human ...
GISS scientists saw that ancient Venus had more dry land than modern Earth, but it also had enough water to support life. There was also enough land to prevent plant sensitivity to sunlight.