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Sanskrit (/ ˈ s æ n s k r ɪ t /; attributively संस्कृत-; [15] [16] nominally संस्कृतम्, saṃskṛtam, [17] [18] [d]) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. [20] [21] [22] It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the ...
These Persian and Arabic loanwords form 25% of Urdu's vocabulary. [10] [23] As a form of Hindustani and a member of the Western Hindi category of Indo-Aryan languages, [22] 75% of Urdu words have their etymological roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit, [10] [24] [25] and approximately 99% of Urdu verbs have their roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit. [23] [26]
In Urdu, there is further short [a] (spelled ہ, as in کمرہ kamra) in word-final position, which contrasts with [aː] (spelled ا, as in لڑکا laṛkā). This contrast is often not realized by Urdu speakers, and always neutralized in Hindi (where both sounds uniformly correspond to [aː]). [5] [6]
Sanskrit mṛtyu > Prakrit miccu > Hindustani mīc "death" Alternatively, non-initial ṛ > a, u, perhaps due to dialectal influence, analogical leveling, umlaut, or assimilation to a preceding labial Sanskrit śṛṇōti > Prakrit suṇaï > Hindustani sune "hears", where ṛ > u perhaps influenced by Prakrit sua "heard" (< Sanskrit śruta)
Telangana, with a sizeable Urdu-speaking Muslim population, and Andhra Pradesh [100] has two languages, Telugu and Urdu, as its official languages. Some states buck the trend by using minority languages as official languages. Jammu and Kashmir used to have Urdu, which is spoken by fewer than 1% of the population, as the sole official language ...
from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala from Urdu, to refer to flavoured spices of Indian origin.
When Devanāgarī is used for writing languages other than Sanskrit, conjuncts are used mostly with Sanskrit words and loan words. Native words typically use the basic consonant and native speakers know to suppress the vowel when it is conventional to do so. For example, the native Hindi word karnā is written करना (ka-ra-nā). [60]
Among other traditions, Urdu poetry is a fine example of linguistic and cultural synthesis. Arab and Persian vocabulary based on the Hindi language resulted in a vast and popular class of ghazal literature, usually written by Muslims in contexts ranging from romance and society to philosophy and Tassawuf (Sufism). [citation needed ...