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The exact cause of venous ulcers is not certain, but a common denominator is generally venous stasis, which may be caused by chronic venous insufficiency, [8] and/or congestive heart failure. [9] Venous stasis causes the pressure in veins to increase.
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins , a treatable condition. [ 2 ]
Potential complications of venous stasis are: Venous ulcers; Blood clot formation in veins (venous thrombosis), that can occur in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis, DVT) or in the superficial veins; Id reactions [1]
If this happens for prolonged periods of time, it progresses to what we call chronic venous insufficiency or CVI. With CVI the stagnant blood in the lower extremities starts to cause an inflammatory reaction in the vessels and the surrounding tissue, which leads to fibrosis, and potentially even ulcers, called venous stasis ulcers.
Six out of ten venous leg ulcer patients experience pain with their ulcer, [10] and similar trends are observed for other chronic wounds. Persistent pain (at night, at rest, and with activity) is the main problem for patients with chronic ulcers. [11]
This valvular incompetence combined with persistent venous obstruction from thrombus increases the pressure in veins and capillaries. Venous hypertension induces a rupture of small superficial veins, subcutaneous hemorrhage [7] and an increase of tissue permeability. That is manifested by pain, swelling, discoloration, and even ulceration. [8]
Venous insufficiency is the most common disorder of the venous system, and is usually manifested as either spider veins or varicose veins. Several treatments are available including endovenous thermal ablation (using radiofrequency or laser energy), vein stripping, ambulatory phlebectomy, foam sclerotherapy, laser, or compression. [citation needed]
It can result in varicose veins and, in severe cases, in venous ulcer. The reversed blood pools in the low third of legs and feet. [17] Unlike in the arterial ultrasound study, when the sonographer studies venous insufficiency, the vein wall itself has no relevance and attention is focused on the direction of blood flow. The objective of the ...