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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic rheumatic disease, meaning it affects the entire body. 1–2% of individuals with the HLA-B27 genotype develop the disease. [17] Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are also implicated in ankylosing spondylitis.
More than 80% of patients with the ankylosing spondylitis variant test positive for the HLA-B27 biomarker, but not everyone with this biomarker will develop disease. [22] Some people with axial spondyloarthritis may test positive for elevated C-reactive protein, or CRP, depending on their disease activity. [22]
HLA-B27 is a polymorphic form of the HLA-B molecule found in up to 95% of people with ankylosing spondylitis of European ancestry, [16] [17] 70% with reactive arthritis, [18] 60% with psoriatic spondylitis, [12] 25% with peripheral psoriatic arthritis, [17] and 70% with spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
In 1994, a research team consisting of rheumatologists, physiotherapists, and others with a special interest in Ankylosing Spondylitis, developed the index in Bath, England (hence the reason for "Bath" in the name), describing a self-administered 6-question measurement tool that later become the gold standard for measuring and evaluating AS disease activity.
Enthesopathy of the pelvis likely due to ankylosing spondylitis Enthesopathy can occur at the shoulder, elbow, wrist, carpus , hip, knee, ankle, tarsus , or heel bone , among other regions. Enthesopathies may take the form of spondyloarthropathies (joint diseases of the spine) such as ankylosing spondylitis , or psoriatic arthritis , plantar ...
[1] Developed by Galen Research and published in 2003, [1] the ASQoL has been used in clinical studies worldwide. The content for the measure was drawn from qualitative interviews that were conducted with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. The draft version of the ASQoL was created and then went through several stages of testing to ensure it ...
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