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Some engines have been made with the reverse configuration, having the exhaust valve located in the cylinder head and the intake valve in the block. The ABC Skootamota began production with an engine of this configuration, [23] [24] but this was changed to an overhead valve engine before production ended. [23]
IOE engines combine elements of overhead valve and flathead engines; the intake valve is located above the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valve is located below it. The shape of the combustion chamber, intake ports and exhaust ports are key to achieving efficient combustion and maximising power output.
The flathead design evolved into intake over exhaust (IOE) engine, used in many early motorcycles and several cars. In an IOE engine, the intake valves were located directly above the cylinder (like the later overhead valve engines), however the exhaust valve remains beside the cylinder in an upside down orientation.
Scavenging: Around 75° of crankshaft rotation before BDC the exhaust valve or port opens, and blowdown occurs. Shortly thereafter the intake valve or transfer port opens. The incoming charge displaces the remaining combustion gases to the exhaust system and a part of the charge may enter the exhaust system as well.
Cutaway of a dual overhead camshaft engine 1969 AMC V8 overhead valve engine. The rocker cover has been removed, so the pushrods, rocker arms, valve springs, and valves are visible. A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. [1]
The two intake and two exhaust valves are positioned on either side of the spark plug which is mounted on the top center of the combustion chamber. The cylinder block and cylinder bore are made of die-cast aluminum, as are the valve covers and oil pan.
EGR valve the top of box on top of the inlet manifold of a Saab H engine in a 1987 Saab 90. In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen engines. [1]
In an overhead valve (OHV) or overhead camshaft (OHC) engine, the cylinder head contains several airflow passages called ports; intake ports deliver the fuel+air intake charge from the intake manifold to the combustion chamber, and exhaust ports route combustion waste gases out the combustion chamber to the exhaust manifold.