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A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue .
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based ...
Mucoadhesion describes the attractive forces between a biological material and mucus or mucous membrane. [1] Mucous membranes adhere to epithelial surfaces such as the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract), the vagina, the lung, the eye, etc.
Pulmonary drug delivery is a route of administration in which patients use an inhaler to inhale their medications and drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream via the lung mucous membrane. This technique is most commonly used in the treatment of lung diseases, for example, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .
The sublingual route may also be used for vaccines against various infectious diseases. Thus, preclinical studies have found that sublingual vaccines can be highly immunogenic and may protect against influenza virus [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and Helicobacter pylori , [ 6 ] but sublingual administration may also be used for vaccines against other infectious ...
Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ ˈ b ʌ k əl /) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.
Along with tea, sipping on clear hot bone broth can also help to moisturize your mucous membranes and promote better mucus flow, says Dr. Mercola. Broths are rich with amino acids, minerals, and ...
A medical professional applies nose drops. Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.It can be a form of either topical administration or systemic administration, as the drugs thus locally delivered can go on to have either purely local or systemic effects.