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The Islamic doctrine of Tawhid puts forth a God whose rule, will or law are comprehensive and extend to all creatures and to all aspects of the human life. Early Muslims understood religion to thus cover the domains of state, law and society. [70] It is believed that the entirety of the Islamic teaching rests on the principle of Tawhid. [8]
The primary themes of the book include the integration of faith and reason, the comprehensive nature of the Islamic worldview, and the role of Tawhid in shaping ethical, social, and political structures. Al-Faruqi advocates for a balanced approach to knowledge, rejecting both skepticism and blind faith. [8]
Monotheism in Islam, known as Tawhid, is the religion's central and single most important concept, upon which a Muslim's entire religious adherence rests. Shirk, the act of ascribing partners to God – whether they be sons, daughters, or other partners – is considered to be a form of unbelief in Islam.
The book focuses on how God is one and that God should only be worshipped alone without any middleman (called monotheism). [12] It also disapproves of the worship of more than one God (which is called polytheism or shirk) and also refutes innovation within Islam by strictly following the Qur'an and hadith. [13]
In Islamic philosophy, Sufi metaphysics is centered on the concept of وحدة, waḥdah, 'unity' or توحيد, tawhid. Two main Sufi philosophies prevail on this topic. Waḥdat al-wujūd literally means "the Unity of Existence" or "the Unity of Being." [1] Wujūd, meaning "existence" or "presence", here refers to God.
Due to the fact that the Alawites, an ethnoreligious sect of Islam, believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib was the "first Imam" in the Twelver school, as the physical manifestation of God they don't take the shahada as other sectors of Islam. [35] Instead, they state the shahada as "there is no God but Ali" in accordance to their belief. [36]
As Muslims, the Dawoodi Bohras believe in Tawhid, Islam's central monotheistic concept of a single, indivisible God . They recite the Shahada (Islamic holy creed): "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, Ali is the guardian of Allah".
The cause of decline was identified as the departure of Muslims from true Islamic values brought about by the infiltration and assimilation of local, indigenous, un-Islamic beliefs and practices. The prescribed cure was the purification of Muslim societies through a return to "true Islam".