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Olivine. The mineral olivine (/ ˈɒl.ɪˌviːn /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)2 Si O 4. It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate. The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface. Olivine has many uses, such as the ...
Peridot. Peridot (/ ˈpɛrɪˌdɒt, - ˌdoʊ / PERR-ih-dot, -doh), sometimes called chrysolite, is a yellow-green transparent variety of olivine. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color. Peridot can be found in mafic and ultramafic rocks occurring in lava and peridotite xenoliths of the mantle.
Fayalite (Fe. 2SiO. 4, commonly abbreviated to Fa) is the iron -rich end-member of the olivine solid-solution series. In common with all minerals in the olivine group, fayalite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group Pbnm) with cell parameters a 4.82 Å, b 10.48 Å and c 6.09 Å. Fayalite forms solid solution series with the ...
Composition. olivine, pyroxene. Peridotite (US: / ˈpɛrɪdoʊˌtaɪt, pəˈrɪdə -/ PERR-ih-doh-tyte, pə-RID-ə-) is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene. Peridotite is ultramafic, as the rock contains less than 45% silica. It is high in magnesium (Mg 2+), reflecting the high ...
Dunite is the olivine-rich endmember of the peridotite group of mantle-derived rocks. Dunite and other peridotite rocks are considered the major constituents of the Earth's mantle above a depth of about 400 km (250 mi). Dunite is rarely found within continental rocks, but where it is found, it typically occurs at the base of ophiolite sequences ...
Monticellite. Monticellite and kirschsteinite (commonly also spelled kirschteinite[3]) are gray silicate minerals of the olivine group with compositions Ca Mg Si O 4 and Ca Fe SiO 4, respectively. Most monticellites have the pure magnesium end-member composition but rare ferroan monticellites and magnesio-kirschsteinite are found with between ...
Forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4; commonly abbreviated as Fo; also known as white olivine) is the magnesium-rich end-member of the olivine solid solution series. It is isomorphous with the iron-rich end-member, fayalite. Forsterite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group Pbnm) with cell parameters a 4.75 Å (0.475 nm), b 10.20 Å (1.020 nm ...
Pyroxene. Pyroxene (diopside) crystals from Afghanistan. The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. Pyroxenes have the general formula XY (Si,Al)2O6, where X represents calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe (II)) or magnesium (Mg) and more rarely ...