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Urbanization in Indonesia increased tremendously following the country's rapid development in the 1970s. [1] Since then, Indonesia has been facing high urbanization rates driven by rural-urban migration. In 1950, 15% of Indonesia's population lived in urban areas. In 1990, 40 years later, this number doubled to 30%. [2]
Jakarta was the only city granted the kotaraya status, due to its function as the capital of Indonesia. [8] The terms kotaraya and kotapraja had been abolished since 1974, and kotamadya was used for most of urban areas in Indonesia up to 1999. Jakarta continued to be the only urban area with a province status. [9]
Prompted by rapid development and urbanisation, Jakarta attracted large numbers of new settlers from all over the archipelago, with the majority coming from rural Javanese towns. High-rise buildings sprung up, especially in Jakarta's commercial and financial centres along Thamrin, Sudirman, and Kuningan avenues. As a result, since the 1970s ...
Population density of Java and Madura by subdistrict as of 2022, with major urban areas shown. Among the inhabitants, approximately 10.68 million lived in Jakarta Special Capital Region according to the mid-2022 official estimates; about 9.09 million in the five cities of Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, Tangerang and South Tangerang; and about 12.13 million in the three regencies (Bekasi Regency, Bogor ...
Jakarta [c] (/ dʒ ə ˈ k ɑːr t ə /; Indonesian pronunciation: [dʒaˈkarta] ⓘ, Betawi: Jakartè), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta; DKI Jakarta) and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the capital city of Indonesia and an autonomous region at the provincial level.
South Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Selatan; Betawi: Jakarte Beludik), abbreviated as Jaksel, is one of the five administrative cities which form the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. South Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council , hence it is not classified as a proper municipality .
Jakarta's main challenges include rapid urban growth, ecological breakdown, air pollution, gridlocked traffic, congestion, and flooding due to subsidence and water extraction (sea level rise is relative, not absolute). Part of North Jakarta is sinking up to 17 cm (6.7 inches) annually, meanwhile the southern part is relatively safe.
Urbanization commonly occurs in cities with low and middle income communities that have high population density and a lack of understanding of how climate change, which degrades their environment, is affecting their health. Within urban settings, multiple climate and non-climate hazards impact cities which magnify the damages done to human health.