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With regard to the fetal presentation during pregnancy, three periods have been distinguished. [5]During the first period, which lasts until the 24th gestational week, the incidence of a longitudinal lie increases, with equal proportions of breech or cephalic presentations from this lie.
Thus the various presentations are: cephalic presentation (head first): vertex —the most common and associated with the fewest complications; sinciput (forehead) brow (eyebrows) face; chin; breech presentation [1] (buttocks or feet first): complete breech; footling breech; frank breech; shoulder presentation: arm; shoulder; trunk
Other risk factors include a multiple pregnancy, more than one previous delivery, and too much amniotic fluid. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Whether medical rupture of the amniotic sac is a risk is controversial. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The diagnosis should be suspected if there is a sudden decrease in the baby's heart rate during labor.
The three types of breech positions are footling breech, frank breech, and complete breech. These births occur in 3% to 4% of all term pregnancies. [ 31 ] They usually result in Cesarean sections because it is more difficult to deliver the baby through the birth canal and there is a lack of expertise in vaginal breech delivery and therefore ...
Risk for breech presentation may increase with multiple pregnancies (more than one baby), when there is too little or too much fluid in the uterus, or if the uterus is abnormally shaped. [24] Babies in breech presentation can be delivered vaginally depending on the experience of the provider and if the fetus meets specific low risk criteria ...
It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery. [2] [3] It is usually performed late in pregnancy, that is, after 36 gestational weeks, [4] preferably 37 weeks, [5] and can even be performed in the early stages of childbirth. [4]
A spontaneous rupture that occurs early in labor may actually be related to other complications resulting in delayed labor. These complications may include a contracted pelvis, breech presentation, or occipito-posterior position. PROM: premature rupture of membranes. This term describes a rupture of the membranes that occurs before the onset of ...
The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2] Both the size and the position of the fetus can lead to obstructed labor. Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. [2]