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2. Cain and Abel (software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(software)

   Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) was a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows.It could recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. [1]

3. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

   The first public release of Crack was version 2.7a, which was posted to the Usenet newsgroups alt.sources and alt.security on 15 July 1991. Crack v3.2a+fcrypt, posted to comp.sources.misc on 23 August 1991, introduced an optimised version of the Unix crypt() function but was still only really a faster version of what was already available in other packages.

4. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

   One of the modes John can use is the dictionary attack. [6] It takes text string samples (usually from a file, called a wordlist, containing words found in a dictionary or real passwords cracked before), encrypting it in the same format as the password being examined (including both the encryption algorithm and key), and comparing the output to the encrypted string.

5. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password (due to the fact that installing an entirely new password would involve System Administration privileges), to gain unauthorized access to a system, or to act as a preventive measure whereby system administrators check for easily crackable passwords. On a file ...

6. pwdump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwdump

   pwdump is the name of various Windows programs that outputs the LM and NTLM password hashes of local user accounts from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database and from the Active Directory domain's users cache on the operating system.

7. Hashcat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcat

   Hashcat is a password recovery tool. It had a proprietary code base until 2015, but was then released as open source software. Versions are available for Linux, macOS, and Windows. Examples of hashcat-supported hashing algorithms are LM hashes, MD4, MD5, SHA-family and Unix Crypt formats as well as algorithms used in MySQL and Cisco PIX.