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A complete and understandable definition has not been written in the law; therefore, when the issues of intersectionality are presented in a court of law, if one form of discrimination cannot be proved without the other, then there is no law broken. [34] The law defines discrimination as unfair treatment based on a certain identity.
For example, intersectionality can explain how social factors contribute to divisions of labor in the workforce. [15] Though intersectionality was developed to consider social and philosophical issues, it has been applied in a range of academic areas [16] like higher education, [17] identity politics, [18] and geography. [19]
Identity safety cues have been proposed as a way of alleviating the negative impact of stereotype threat or other social identity threats, reducing disparities in academic performance for members of stigmatized groups (see achievement gaps in the United States), and reducing health disparities caused by identity related stressors.
Other scholars such as Kimberlé Crenshaw's Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color are credited with expanding Collins' work. [2] The matrix of domination is a way for people to acknowledge their privileges in society.
Intersectionality originated in critical race studies and demonstrates a multifaceted connection between race, gender, and other systems that work together to oppress, while also allowing privilege in other areas. Intersectionality is relative because it displays how race, gender, and other components "intersect" to shape the experiences of ...
Lisa Bowleg (née: Ingrid Alisa Bowleg [1]) is an applied social psychologist known for conducting research on intersectionality in social and behavioral science [2] [3] and the relationship between social-contextual factors and stress, resilience, and HIV risk in Black communities.
Identity fraud is the use by one person of another person's personal information, without authorization, to commit a crime or to deceive or defraud that other person or a third person. Most identity fraud is committed in the context of financial advantages, such as accessing a victim's credit card, bank accounts, or loan accounts.
The Identity Theft Resource Center said there were 662 data breaches in the United States in 2010, almost a 33% increase from the previous year. [19] Between January, 2015 and September, 2017, the Identity Theft Resource Center estimates that there were 7,920 breaches affecting more than one billion records that could lead to identity theft. [18]