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Global demand for fixed income investments – From 2000 to 2007, worldwide fixed income investment (i.e. investments in bonds and other conservative securities) roughly doubled in size to $70 trillion, yet the supply of relatively safe, income generating investments had not grown as fast, which bid up bond prices and drove down interest rates.
In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer owes the holder a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date and interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time. [1])
Asset-linked bond: Although a bond with an asset warrant is a type of convertible security, regular warrants are not. A regular warrant provides an equity option, where the holder may opt to buy newly issued shares at a determined exercise price and date. Equity capital notes are similar to warrants, except that there is no exercise price.
A contingent convertible bond (CoCo), also known as an enhanced capital note (ECN), [1] is a fixed-income instrument that is convertible into equity if a pre-specified trigger event occurs. [2] The concept of CoCo has been particularly discussed in the context of crisis management in the banking industry. [ 3 ]
The coupon (of a bond) is the annual interest that the issuer must pay, expressed as a percentage of the principal. The maturity is the end of the bond, the date that the issuer must return the principal. The issue is another term for the bond itself. The indenture, in some cases, is the contract that states all of the terms of the bond.
The net return on bonds is the sum of the interest payments and the capital gains (or losses) from their varying market value. A rise in interest rates causes aftermarket bond prices to fall, and that implies a capital loss from holding bonds. Accordingly, the return on bonds can be negative. Thus, people may hold money to avoid the loss from ...
Dedicated portfolio theory, in finance, deals with the characteristics and features of a portfolio built to generate a predictable stream of future cash inflows.This is achieved by purchasing bonds and/or other fixed income securities (such as certificates of deposit) that can and usually are held to maturity to generate this predictable stream from the coupon interest and/or the repayment of ...
Therefore, if interest rates fall and bond prices rise, a firm will benefit from the sinking fund provision that enables it to repurchase its bonds at below-market prices. In this case, the firm's gain is the bondholder's loss – thus callable bonds will typically be issued at a higher coupon rate, reflecting the value of the option.