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Children with a SCFE experience a decrease in their range of motion, and are often unable to complete hip flexion or fully rotate the hip inward. [ 10 ] 20–50% of SCFE are missed or misdiagnosed on their first presentation to a medical facility.
In 2009, the classic definition of Klein's line was shown to miss 60% of SCFE cases on X-rays of 30 children between 8 and 16 years of age. [1] The sensitivity and reliability is improved by measuring the epiphyseal width lateral to Klein's line, which if differing by 2 millimetres (0.079 in) or more between hips suggests the diagnosis of SCFE. [1]
Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. This results in the leg being shortened and the development of a limp. It may be congenital and is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.
The condition is most commonly found in children between the ages of 4 and 10. Common symptoms include pain in the hip, knee, or ankle (since hip pathology can cause pain to be felt in a normal knee or ankle), or in the groin; this pain is exacerbated by hip or leg movement, especially internal hip rotation (with the knee flexed 90°, twisting the lower leg away from the center of the body).
The Drehmann sign describes a clinical test of examining orthopedic patients and is widely used in the functional check of the hip joint. It was first described by Gustav Drehmann (Breslau, 1869–1932). [1] The Drehmann sign is positive if an unavoidable passive external rotation of the hip occurs when performing a hip flexion.
For sport function this timeline is about six months to a year. [35] Failure of hip arthroscopy is more likely to fail in older patients, females, or those who have experienced the symptoms of FAI for a long period of time. [34] When performed on elite athletes, most are able to return their previous level of competition. [10]
Group B hips in children who are less than 8 years at the time of onset have a very favorable outcome unrelated to the treatment, whereas Group C hips in children of all ages usually have poor outcome unrelated to the treatment. [1] Slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE)
Transient synovitis usually affects children between three and ten years old (but it has been reported in a 3-month-old infant and in some adults [3]). It is the most common cause of sudden hip pain and limp in young children. [4] [5] Boys are affected two to four times as often as girls. [5] [6] [7] The exact cause is unknown.