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In agriculture, where the goal is to raise selected crops, insects that hinder the production process are classified as pests, while insects that assist production are considered beneficial. In horticulture and gardening , beneficial insects are often considered those that contribute to pest control and native habitat integration.
"Push-pull" experimental plots at ICIPE campus in Mbita, Kenya. (Left: Maize with Desmodium spp. intercropping. Right: Maize monoculture with Striga infestation).. Push–pull technology is an intercropping strategy for controlling agricultural pests by using repellent "push" plants and trap "pull" plants. [1]
Companion planting of carrots and onions. The onion smell puts off carrot root fly, while the smell of carrots puts off onion fly. [1]Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, maximizing use of space ...
Insects that pose disadvantages are considered pests. Some species can cause indirect damage by spreading diseases, and these are termed as disease vectors. Those that are beneficial include those that are reared for food such as honey, substances such as lac or pigments, and for their role in pollinating crops and controlling pests. [1]
Many weed species attract beneficial insects that improve soil qualities and forage on weed pests. [206] Soil-bound organisms often benefit because of increased bacteria populations due to natural fertilizer such as manure, while experiencing reduced intake of herbicides and pesticides. [201]
Many more are in the list of beneficial weeds. Companion planting is thought by its practitioners to assist in the growth of one or both plants involved in the association. Possible mechanisms [1] include attracting beneficial insects, [2] repelling pests, [3] or providing nutrients such as by fixing nitrogen, [4] shade, or support.
Microbial inoculants, also known as soil inoculants or bioinoculants, are agricultural amendments that use beneficial rhizosphericic or endophytic microbes to promote plant health. Many of the microbes involved form symbiotic relationships with the target crops where both parties benefit ( mutualism ).
Soil dwelling insects such as ant, termites and beetles help in the decomposition of plant residue, aeration of soil and enhancement of soil structure. These activities help in improving soil health and fertility. [55] Insects again serve as a source of food for other organism such as reptiles, bird , amphibians, fishes and many others. [56]