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Biopsy of the stomach in Ménétrier disease; the substantial pit hyperplasia makes the large rugal folds appear to be covered by myriad polyps resembling hyperplastic polyps. The muscularis propria is the folded structure at the bottom center. Specialty: Gastroenterology
There is insufficient evidence to determine if proton pump inhibitors decrease death rates, re-bleeding events, or the need for surgical interventions. [16] After the initial resuscitation has been completed, treatment is instigated to limit the likelihood of re-bleeds and correct any anemia that the bleeding may have caused.
There is a risk of development of cancer with fundic gland polyposis, [22] but it varies based on the underlying cause of the polyposis. [4] The risk is highest with congenital polyposis syndromes, and is lowest in acquired causes. [4] [23] As a result, it is recommended that patients with multiple fundic polyps have a colonoscopy to evaluate ...
Proton pump inhibitors, if they have not been started earlier, are recommended in those in whom high risk signs for bleeding are found. [4] High and low dose PPIs appear equivalent at this point. [37] It is also recommended that people with high risk signs are kept in hospital for at least 72 hours. [4]
The pain caused by peptic ulcers can be felt anywhere from the navel up to the sternum, it may last from few minutes to several hours, and it may be worse when the stomach is empty. Also, sometimes the pain may flare at night, and it can commonly be temporarily relieved by eating foods that buffer stomach acid or by taking anti-acid medication ...
The H 2 receptor antagonists are a class of drugs used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing the production of acid by these cells. H 2 antagonists are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, although they have been surpassed in popularity by the more effective [1] proton pump inhibitors.
Long-term use of PPIs is associated with the development of benign polyps from fundic glands (which is distinct from fundic gland polyposis); these polyps do not cause cancer and resolve when PPIs are discontinued. [33] There is concern that use of PPIs may mask gastric cancers or other serious gastric problems. [33]
Proton pump inhibitors are more potent at reducing gastric acid production since that is the final common pathway of all stimulation of acid production. In pernicious anemia , autoantibodies directed against parietal cells or intrinsic factor cause a reduction in vitamin B 12 absorption.