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Interleukin 3 (IL3) is a cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation and function of granulocytes and macrophages. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The protein, which exists in vivo as a monomer, is produced in activated T cells and mast cells, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] and is activated by the cleavage of an N-terminal signal sequence.
Cytokines (/ ˈ s aɪ t ə k aɪ n /) [1] are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa [2]) important in cell signaling. Due to their size, cytokines cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm and therefore typically exert their functions by interacting with specific cytokine receptors on the target
Interleukin 3 is an interleukin, a type of biological signal that can improve the body's natural response to disease as part of the immune system. [10] In conjunction with other β common chain cytokines GM-CSF and IL-5, IL-3 works to regulate the inflammatory response in order to clear pathogens by changing the abundance of various cell populations via binding at the interleukin-3 receptor.
Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of an IL-12B (IL-12p40) subunit (which is shared with IL-12) and an IL-23A (IL-23p19) subunit. [1] IL-23 is part of the IL-12 family of cytokines. [2] The functional receptor for IL-23 (the IL-23 receptor) consists of a heterodimer between IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R. [3]
Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term cytokine. [3] Historically, cytokines were associated with hematopoietic (blood and lymph forming) cells and immune system cells (e.g., lymphocytes and tissue cells from spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes).
The novel cytokine that resulted from the study was designated IL-40 and is the most recent in a line of cytokines found. Only mammalian genomes contain C17orf99 , which is expressed by B cells that have been activated, however the expression profile of IL-40 is similar in two species ( mouse and human ) and is 72% conserved at the amino acid ...
IL-31 is unique in this family of cytokines because its receptor complex does not contain gp130. The receptor for IL-31 is a heterodimer of the interleukin 31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA) and OSMR. [7] IL-31RA was originally referred to as GLM-R (for gp130-like monocyte receptor) or GPL (for gp130-like receptor). [7]
IL-11 is a cytokine that was first isolated in 1990 from bone marrow-derived fibrocyte-like stromal cells. It was initially thought to be important for hematopoiesis , notably for megakaryocyte maturation, [ 7 ] but subsequently shown to be redundant for platelets , and for other blood cell types, in both mice and humans.