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Most of the mathematical functions are defined in <math.h> (<cmath> header in C++). The functions that operate on integers, such as abs, labs, div, and ldiv, are instead defined in the <stdlib.h> header (<cstdlib> header in C++). Any functions that operate on angles use radians as the unit of angle. [1]
The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for common tasks such as finding the square root of a number.
Some compilers (for example, GCC [8]) provide built-in versions of many of the functions in the C standard library; that is, the implementations of the functions are written into the compiled object file, and the program calls the built-in versions instead of the functions in the C library shared object file.
Core math functions include BLAS, LAPACK, ScaLAPACK, sparse solvers, fast Fourier transforms, and vector math. mlpack is an open-source library for machine learning, exploiting C++ language features to provide maximum performance and flexibility while providing a simple and consistent API
In computer science, a math library (or maths library) is a component of a programming language's standard library containing functions (or subroutines) for the most common mathematical functions, such as trigonometry and exponentiation. Bit-twiddling and control functionalities related to floating point numbers may also be included (such as in C).
In computer software, in compiler theory, an intrinsic function, also called built-in function or builtin function, is a function available for use in a given programming language whose implementation is handled specially by the compiler.
Erlang: the built-in Integer datatype implements arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Go: the standard library package math/big implements arbitrary-precision integers (Int type), rational numbers (Rat type), and floating-point numbers (Float type) Guile: the built-in exact numbers are of arbitrary precision.
mXparser delivers functionalities such as: basic calculations, implied multiplication, built-in constants and functions, numerical calculus operations, iterated operators, user defined constants, user defined functions, user defined recursion, Unicode mathematical symbols support.