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Vocal fold paresis describes the weakness of the PCA and an impairment to its functioning. [22] Unilateral vocal fold paresis is the term used when there is damage to the RLN on one side of the body. [7] In unilateral vocal fold paresis, there is a lack of nerve supply to one side of the vocal fold's PCA muscle.
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. [1] It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing, particularly during inhalation. [1] Due to the similarity in symptoms, VCD attacks are often mistaken for asthma attacks or laryngospasms.
A combination of both an indirect treatment method (an approach used to change external factors affecting the vocal folds) [37] and a direct treatment method (an approach used where the mechanisms functioning during the use of the vocal folds, such as phonation or respiration, are the main focus) [37] may be used to treat dysphonia.
Voice therapy consists of techniques and procedures that target vocal parameters, such as vocal fold closure, pitch, volume, and quality. This therapy is provided by speech-language pathologists and is primarily used to aid in the management of voice disorders, [1] or for altering the overall quality of voice, as in the case of transgender voice therapy.
Damage to these nerves results in vocal cord paralysis - the reduced mobility and inability to adduct one or both vocal cords. Many cases of vocal cord paralysis result from trauma during surgery. [2] Symptoms include hoarseness of voice, difficulty projecting, difficulty swallowing, and throat pain. [citation needed]
A vocal fold stuck in an abducted or open position may cause breathiness and low volume. Listen for vocal flutter and diplophonia. Having both vocal folds stuck in an abducted position creates a breathy voice, with potential inspiratory stridor. Having both vocal folds stuck in an adducted or closed position compromises the airway significantly.
Botulinum toxin (Botox) is often used to improve some symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia through weakening or paralyzing the vocal folds, thus preventing muscle spasms. [ 1 ] [ 32 ] The level of evidence for its use is currently limited; little is known about optimal dosage, frequency of injections, or exact location of injection.
Voice disorders [1] are medical conditions involving abnormal pitch, loudness or quality of the sound produced by the larynx and thereby affecting speech production. These include: