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Underlying this is the viewers' awareness of the 'constructedness' of the text, which is a different dimension from meaning making in the decoding process. [12] [13] The third problem addresses the positions of encoding. Hall's model does not differentiate the various positions media producers may take in relation to the dominant ideology.
Elaborative encoding is the process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory. Memories are a combination of old and new information, so the nature of any particular memory depends as much on the old information already in our memories as it does on the new information coming in through our senses. [9]
Encoding, in semiotics, is the process of creating a message for transmission by an addresser to an addressee. The complementary process – interpreting a message received from an addresser – is called decoding .
This means that communication is not just the exchange of pre-established bundles of information but a creative process, unlike the outlook found in many transmission models. [ 36 ] [ 23 ] According to Robert Craig, this implies that communication is a basic social phenomenon that cannot be explained through psychological, cultural, economic ...
When there is symmetry in the communication process - symmetry between encoding and decoding - it can be placed in the field of “meaningful media signs” (Meagher 185). Within this view, there are two dominant positions that one can take: there is the most symmetrical position (called the dominant hegemonic position) and there is the least ...
The process of communication can fail in various ways. For example, the message may be distorted by external noise. But errors can also occur at the stages of encoding and decoding when the source does not use the correct signs or when the pattern of decoding does not match the pattern of encoding.
But there are also many non-verbal communication skills, like the encoding skills of drawing and gesturing. [8] [36] Berlo sees thought or reasoning as an additional communication skill relevant both to encoding and decoding. [37] The communication skills required for successful communication are different for source and receiver.
Encoding the message is the second step in the communication process. The encoding process leads to the development of a message that contains the information or meaning the source hopes to convey. Encoding is extremely important, it is a brain activity that takes effect when the receiver makes sense of a brand message or idea used to convey ...