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The gut–brain axis, a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system, is important for maintaining homeostasis and is regulated through the central and enteric nervous systems and the neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways, and especially including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis). [2]
The phenomenon of the gut–memory connection is based on and part of the idea of the gut-brain axis, a complex communication network, linking the central nervous system to the gut. The gut-brain axis first gained significant momentum in research and formal recognition in the 20th century with advancements in neuroscience and gastroenterology ...
[4] [3] [6] [8] It is most abundantly found in the brain and to a smaller extent in other tissues, such as the gut and heart. [6] Under pathological conditions in PD, alpha-synuclein undergoes a conformational change, resulting in a misfolded insoluble protein that aggregates into beta-sheets and forms protein inclusions called Lewy Bodies .
This study highlights the gut microbiome's role in brain function and mental health is a growing research area, particularly during adolescence, a critical period for gut-brain axis development. This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the effects of psychobiotic interventions on anxiety in youth (ages 10–24).
The gut microbiota contributes to digestion and immune modulation, as it plays a role in the gut-brain axis, where microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters influence brain function and behavior. The gut–brain axis is the biochemical signaling that takes place between the gastrointestinal tract and the ...
On the left side of the cell has microvilli extending into the gut lumen and the right side has a neuropod extending into the basal lamina propria. [1] A neuropod cell is a specialized enteroendocrine cell (i.e., sensory epithelial cell) within the gut that is capable of synapsing with afferent nerves.
Cryan's current research is focused on understanding the interaction between the brain, gut and microbiome, and how it applies to stress, psychiatric and immune-related disorders at key time-windows across the lifespan. The Cryan Lab has been a global leader in defining a critical role for the gut microbiome in regulating brain and behavior.
Ivan De Araujo is a director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany, along with Peter Dayan.He is known for his seminal investigations on sugar preference and on the reward functions of the gut-brain axis.