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P. multocida is the cause of a range of diseases in mammals and birds, including fowl cholera in poultry, atrophic rhinitis in pigs, and bovine hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo. It can also cause a zoonotic infection in humans, which typically is a result of bites or scratches from domestic pets.
Fowl cholera is also called avian cholera, avian pasteurellosis and avian hemorrhagic septicemia. [1] It is the most common pasteurellosis of poultry. As the causative agent is Pasteurella multocida, it is considered to be a zoonosis. Adult birds and old chickens are more susceptible. In parental flocks, cocks are far more susceptible than hens ...
Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacterial genus Pasteurella, [1] which is found in humans and other animals.. Pasteurella multocida (subspecies P. m. septica and P. m. multocida) is carried in the mouth and respiratory tract of various animals, including pigs. [2]
Many Pasteurella species are zoonotic pathogens, and humans can acquire an infection from domestic animal bites. [4] [5] In cattle, sheep, and birds, Pasteurella species can cause a life-threatening pneumonia; in cats and dogs, however, Pasteurella is not a cause of disease, and constitutes part of the normal flora of the nose and mouth. [6]
Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. [2] It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. [2] Undercooked shellfish is a common source. [9] Humans are the only known host for the bacteria. [2]
Its effects are most notable in domestic poultry due to their high susceptibility and the potential for severe impacts of an epizootic on the poultry industries. It is endemic to many countries. No treatment for VND is known, but the use of prophylactic vaccines [ 3 ] and sanitary measures reduces the likelihood of outbreaks.
Some strains of V. cholerae are pathogenic to humans and cause a deadly disease called cholera, which can be derived from the consumption of undercooked or raw marine life species or drinking contaminated water. [2] V. cholerae was first described by Félix-Archimède Pouchet in 1849 as some kind of protozoa.
Because of this Cholera was found in almost every part of the country during this period. Cholera's impact during the 1832 epidemic was particularly profound on indigenous communities. Cholera spread to Native populations in 1832 through waterways. Cholera was a problem all over but more prevalent in communities situated near water. [92]