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The empty string is a legitimate string, upon which most string operations should work. Some languages treat some or all of the following in similar ways: empty strings, null references, the integer 0, the floating point number 0, the Boolean value false , the ASCII character NUL , or other such values.
Some systems use "modified UTF-8" which encodes NUL as two non-zero bytes (0xC0, 0x80) and thus allow all possible strings to be stored. This is not allowed by the UTF-8 standard, because it is an overlong encoding, and it is seen as a security risk. Some other byte may be used as end of string instead, like 0xFE or 0xFF, which are not used in ...
The ability to represent a null character does not always mean the resulting string will be correctly interpreted, as many programs will consider the null to be the end of the string. Thus the ability to type it (in case of unchecked user input) creates a vulnerability known as null byte injection and can lead to security exploits. [10]
Null character for indicating the end of a null-terminated string. Null pointer for indicating the end of a linked list or a tree. A set most significant bit in a stream of equally spaced data values, for example, a set 8th bit in a stream of 7-bit ASCII characters stored in 8-bit bytes indicating a special property (like inverse video ...
Strings are passed to functions by passing a pointer to the first code unit. Since char * and wchar_t * are different types, the functions that process wide strings are different than the ones processing normal strings and have different names. String literals ("text" in the C source code) are converted to arrays during compilation. [2]
A string is considered true if it contains at least one non-whitespace character (thus, for example, the #if function interprets the strings "0" and "FALSE" as true values, not false). Any string containing only whitespace or no characters at all will be treated as false (thus #if interprets " " and "", as well as undefined parameters, as false ...
The Math object contains various math-related constants (for example, π) and functions (for example, cosine). (Note that the Math object has no constructor, unlike Array or Date. All its methods are "static", that is "class" methods.) All the trigonometric functions use angles expressed in radians, not degrees or grads.
Like raw strings, there can be any number of equals signs between the square brackets, provided both the opening and closing tags have a matching number of equals signs; this allows nesting as long as nested block comments/raw strings use a different number of equals signs than their enclosing comment: --[[comment --[=[ nested comment ...