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Hooked on Phonics is a commercial brand of educational materials, initially designed to teach reading through phonics. First marketed in 1987, the program uses systematic phonics and scaffolded stories to teach letter–sound correlations as part of children's literacy.
Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...
The Institute of Education Sciences (the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), describes the approach as follows: "Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels.
The standards were revised in 2017 and call for teaching involving "reading or literacy experiences" as well as phonemic awareness from prekindergarten to grade 1 and phonics, word recognition, and word analysis skills in decoding words from grade 1 to grade 4. They will become effective at the beginning of the 2020-2021 school year.
The I.T.A. symbol set includes joined letters (typographical ligatures) to replace the two-letter digraphs "wh", "sh", and "ch" of conventional writing, and also ligatures for most of the long vowels. There are two distinct ligatures for the voiced and unvoiced "th" sounds in English, and a special merged letter for "ng" resembling ŋ with a loop.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
The first initial sound table was created in 1658 by John Amos Comenius in Orbis Pictus, a picture book intended for children. They were popularized in the German-speaking areas by Jürgen Reichen who used initial sound tables to assist students to recognise initial sounds and to get first reading and writing skills.
Long (long vowel or geminate consonant) eˑ: Half-long ə̆ ɢ̆: Extra-short: ek.ste eks.te: Syllable break (internal boundary) es‿e: Linking (lack of a boundary; a phonological word) [note 24] Intonation | [α] Minor or foot break ‖ [α] Major or intonation break: ↗︎: Global rise [note 25] ↘︎: Global fall [note 25] Up- and down ...