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In finance, default is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, [1] for example when a home buyer fails to make a mortgage payment, or when a corporation or government fails to pay a bond which has reached maturity. A national or sovereign default is the failure or refusal of a government to repay its national debt.
These models are both developed internally and supplied by third parties. A similar approach is taken to retail default, using the term "credit score" as a euphemism for the default probability which is the true focus of the lender. Some of the popular statistical methods which have been used to model probability of default are listed below.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) [a] is the accounting standard adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), [1] and is the default accounting standard used by companies based in the United States.
Exposure at default or (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor. [1] [2] Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as Credit Exposure (CE). It represents the ...
A notice of default is a formal notice that begins the foreclosure process. A mortgage lender or servicer can file this notice when a borrower is more than 120 days behind on paying their mortgage.
Loss given default or LGD is the share of an asset that is lost if a borrower defaults. It is a common parameter in risk models and also a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital , expected loss or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution .
Bad debt in accounting is considered an expense. There are two methods to account for bad debt: Direct write off method (Non-GAAP): a receivable that is not considered collectible is charged directly to the income statement. [5] Allowance method (GAAP): an estimate is made at the end of each fiscal year of the amount of bad debt.
The key variables for (credit) risk assessment are the probability of default (PD), the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD).The credit conversion factor calculates the amount of a free credit line and other off-balance-sheet transactions (with the exception of derivatives) to an EAD amount [2] and is an integral part in the European banking regulation since the Basel II ...