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Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy (German: Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der modernen Demokratie; Untersuchungen über die oligarchischen Tendenzen des Gruppenlebens) is a book by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy.
Political Parties, a PDF of Political Parties. Robert Michels – Oligarchy taken from Oscar Grusky and George A. Miller, The Sociology of Organizations: Basic Studies (Free Press, 1970, pp. 25–43). Reprints from Political Parties. Roberto Michels - Oligarchy comparison with Weber. Books and Articles on: Robert Michels Archived 2011-06-04 at ...
The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory first developed by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book Political Parties. [1] It asserts that rule by an elite, or oligarchy , is inevitable as an "iron law" within any democratic organization as part of the "tactical and technical necessities" of the organization.
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections.It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or policy goals.
In 1911, a German sociologist, Robert Michels propounded a view that all democratic organisations were prone to become oligarchies because of the growth and size of modern organisations, the need for specialisation of officials, and the necessity that this division of labour would lead the rank and file to struggle to understand the activities of their leaders.
Robert "Bob" Gable, a businessman and prominent figure in Kentucky's Republican Party for years, died at age 90 on Friday. Gable, of Frankfort, died at Baptist Health in Lexington, according to ...
What to know about Tim Michels, Republican candidate for Wisconsin governor, running against incumbent Democrat Gov. Tony Evers.
In his book Political Parties, written in 1911, Robert Michels argues that most representative systems deteriorate towards an oligarchy or particracy. This is known as the iron law of oligarchy. In his book "Gemeindefreiheit als Rettung Europas" which was published in 1943 (first edition in German) and a second edition in 1947 (in German ...