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The microscopic origin of contact forces is diverse. Normal force is directly a result of Pauli exclusion principle and not a true force per se: Everyday objects do not actually touch each other; rather, contact forces are the result of the interactions of the electrons at or near the surfaces of the objects. [1]
Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other. [7] [8] Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two solid surfaces. [9] [10] [11] Skin friction is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across the surface of a body.
Shear velocity, also called friction velocity, is a form by which a shear stress may be re-written in units of velocity.It is useful as a method in fluid mechanics to compare true velocities, such as the velocity of a flow in a stream, to a velocity that relates shear between layers of flow.
Slip-critical joint, from structural engineering, is a type of bolted structural steel connection which relies on friction between the two connected elements rather than bolt shear or bolt bearing to join two structural elements.
The equation used to model belt friction is, assuming the belt has no mass and its material is a fixed composition: [2] = where is the tension of the pulling side, is the tension of the resisting side, is the static friction coefficient, which has no units, and is the angle, in radians, formed by the first and last spots the belt touches the pulley, with the vertex at the center of the pulley.
Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction or rolling drag, is the force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. It is mainly caused by non-elastic effects; that is, not all the energy needed for deformation (or movement) of the wheel, roadbed, etc., is recovered when the pressure is removed.
0.8 kN/mm 2 × 490.8 mm 2 = 392.64 kN ≈ 40 tonne-force 40 tonne-force × 0.6 (to change force from tensile to shear) = 24 tonne-force. When working with a riveted or tensioned bolted joint, the strength comes from friction between the materials bolted together. Bolts are correctly torqued to maintain the friction.
Guillaume Amontons (31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705) was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist.He was one of the pioneers in studying the problem of friction, which is the resistance to motion when bodies make contact.