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Caltech Intermediate Form (CIF) is a file format for describing integrated circuits. CIF provides a limited set of graphics primitives that are useful for describing the two-dimensional shapes on the different layers of a chip. The format allows hierarchical description, which makes the representation concise.
[4] [5] A presidential notice or a presidential sequestration order can also be issued. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] National security directives 1 operate like executive orders, but are only in the area of national security .
Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Because publishers adopt different practices regarding how abbreviations are printed, one may find abbreviations with or without periods for each letter.
United States presidents issue presidential memoranda, which are similar to executive orders and have the force of law on the Executive Branch, but are generally considered less prestigious. Presidential memoranda do not have an established process for issuance or publication; unlike executive orders, they are not numbered. [1]
In law, a summary order is a determination made by a court without issuing a legal opinion. This disposition is also known as a nonopinion, summary opinion, affirmance without opinion, unpublished order, disposition without opinion, or abbreviated disposition. It is not to be confused with summary judgment, which means a decision without trial.
California Gov. Gavin Newsom ordered state agencies Thursday to start removing homeless encampments on state land in his boldest action yet following a Supreme Court ruling allowing cities to ...
A memorandum (pl.: memorandums [1] [2] [3] or memoranda; from the Latin memorandum, "(that) which is to be remembered"), also known as a briefing note, is a written message that is typically used in a professional setting. Commonly abbreviated memo, these messages are usually brief and are designed to be easily and quickly understood. Memos can ...
The content of the memo was kept secret, as with all but a handful of PDBs, until it was leaked in 2002. [2] CBS Evening News reported on the document on May 15. [1]The PDB was declassified and approved for release to the 9/11 Commission on April 10, 2004, and was included in the commission's 9/11 Commission Report, published on July 22, 2004. [5]