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In statistics and in particular in regression analysis, leverage is a measure of how far away the independent variable values of an observation are from those of the other observations. High-leverage points , if any, are outliers with respect to the independent variables .
The image of a function f(x 1, x 2, …, x n) is the set of all values of f when the n-tuple (x 1, x 2, …, x n) runs in the whole domain of f.For a continuous (see below for a definition) real-valued function which has a connected domain, the image is either an interval or a single value.
Multivariate statistics is a subdivision of statistics encompassing the simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable, i.e., multivariate random variables. Multivariate statistics concerns understanding the different aims and background of each of the different forms of multivariate analysis, and how they relate to ...
[2] [3] [4] For example: ”a” “ab” “b” The above indicates that the first variable “a” has a mean (or average) that is statistically different from the third one “b”. But, the second variable “ab” has a mean that is not statistically different from either the first or the third variable. Let's look at another example:
This is the aim of multiple factor analysis which balances the different issues (i.e. the different groups of variables) within a global analysis and provides, beyond the classical results of factorial analysis (mainly graphics of individuals and of categories), several results (indicators and graphics) specific of the group structure.
On the contrary, the individual 5 is more characterized by high values for the variables of group 2 than for the variables of group 1 (for the individual 5, group 2 partial point lies further from the origin than group 1 partial point). This reading of the graph can be checked directly in the data. 6. Representations of groups of variables as ...
The probability distribution of the sum of two or more independent random variables is the convolution of their individual distributions. The term is motivated by the fact that the probability mass function or probability density function of a sum of independent random variables is the convolution of their corresponding probability mass functions or probability density functions respectively.
A hinge function is defined by a variable and a knot, so to add a new basis function, MARS must search over all combinations of the following: 1) existing terms (called parent terms in this context) 2) all variables (to select one for the new basis function) 3) all values of each variable (for the knot of the new hinge function).