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The adhesion railway relies on a combination of friction and weight to start a train. The heaviest trains require the highest friction and the heaviest locomotive. The friction can vary a great deal, but it was known on early railways that sand helped, and it is still used today, even on locomotives with modern traction controls.
These include simple rail adhesion, rack railways and cable inclines (including rail mounted water tanks to carry barges). To help with braking on the descent, a non-load-bearing "brake rail" located between the running rails can be used, similar to the rail used in the Fell system, e.g. by the Snaefell Mountain Railway on the Isle of Man.
A classical hunting oscillation is a swaying motion of a railway vehicle (often called truck hunting or bogie hunting) caused by the coning action on which the directional stability of an adhesion railway depends.
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Bearing – Mechanism to constrain relative movement to the desired motion and reduce frictions; Contact mechanics – Study of the deformation of solids that touch each other (Linear) elasticity – Physical property when materials or objects return to original shape after ...
Diagram of the longitudinal coefficient of adhesion (fx) in function of the speed and the weather conditions for the asphalt: A) dry asphalt B) Asphalt drainage in wet conditions C) Asphalt in wet conditions D) Snow E) Ice Change cross tack (Fy) average during the seasons (represented numerically from 1 to 12) and with different road surfaces.
Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of rail transport systems. It encompasses a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering.
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Adhesive surface forces – Molecular property; Bearing capacity – Capacity of soil to support loads; Collision – Instance of two or more bodies physically contacting each other within a short period of time; Contact dynamics – Motion of multibody systems
The Pilatus Railway is the steepest rack railway in the world, with a maximum gradient of 48% and an average gradient of 35%. Functioning of the rack and pinion on the Strub system. A rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails.