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The elephant clock in a manuscript by Al-Jazari (1206 AD) from The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. [1] The elephant clock was a model of water clock invented by the medieval Islamic engineer Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206). Its design was detailed in his book, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices.
Al-Jazari constructed a variety of water clocks and candle clocks. These included a portable water-powered scribe clock , which was a meter high and half a meter wide, reconstructed successfully at the Science Museum in 1976 [ 34 ] [ 59 ] Al-Jazari also invented monumental water-powered astronomical clocks which displayed moving models of the ...
Water-powered automatic castle clock of Al-Jazari, 12th century. The most sophisticated water-powered astronomical clock was Al-Jazari's castle clock, considered by some to be an early example of a programmable analog computer, in 1206. [41] It was a complex device that was about 11 feet (3.4 m) high, and had multiple functions alongside ...
A sophisticated water-powered astronomical clock was described by Al-Jazari in his treatise on machines, written in 1206. [46] This castle clock was about 11 feet (3.4 m) high. [ 47 ] In 1235, a water-powered clock that "announced the appointed hours of prayer and the time both by day and by night" stood in the entrance hall of the Mustansiriya ...
Candle clock with dial and fastening mechanism: The earliest reference of the candle clock is described in a Chinese poem by You Jiangu (AD 520), However the most sophisticated candle clocks known, were those of Al-Jazari in 1206. [114] It included a dial to display the time. [citation needed]
Al-Jazari's candle clock. Al-Jazari described a candle clock in 1206. [4] It included a dial to display the time and, for the first time, employed a bayonet fitting, a fastening mechanism still used in modern times. [5] The English engineer and historian Donald Routledge Hill described one of al-Jazari's candle clocks as follows:
The designer of the clock was a muwaqqit named Abu al-Hassan ibn Ali Ahmed el-Tlemsani. [ 3 ] : 492 (see endnote 2) The clock may have followed similar principles as that of an earlier water clock built for the Dar al-Muwaqqit of the Qarawiyyin Mosque by Sultan Abu Said in 1317.
Arabic Water–Clocks. Syria: University of Aleppo. al-Hassan, Ahmad Y.; Hill, Donald R. (1986). Islamic Technology: An Illustrated History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26333-6. OCLC 13332728. Hill, Donald Routledge (1998). Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazari - from Alexandria to Diyar Bakr. Collected ...