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  2. Certified emission reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_Emission_Reduction

    Certified emission reduction units (CERs) by country of origin October 2012 Certified emission reduction units (CERs) monthly spot prices 2012. Certified emission reductions (CERs) originally designed a type of emissions unit (or carbon credits) issued by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Executive Board for emission reductions achieved by CDM projects and verified by a DOE (Designated ...

  3. Clean Development Mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Development_Mechanism

    Certified emission reduction units (CERs) by country October 2012 Since 2000, the CDM has allowed crediting of project-based emission reductions in developing countries (Gupta et al ., 2007). [ 36 ] By 1 January 2005, projects submitted to the CDM amounted to less than 100 MtCO 2 e of projected savings by 2012 (Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 18-19). [ 3 ]

  4. Carbon offsets and credits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsets_and_credits

    Offset credits under this program are designated as Emission Reduction Units. [58] The International Emissions Trading program enables countries to trade in the international carbon credit market to cover their shortfall in assigned amount units. Countries with surplus units can sell them to countries that are exceeding their emission targets ...

  5. Vehicle emissions control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control

    Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines.The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides.

  6. Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Moyer_Memorial_Air...

    The program provides grant funding to encourage the voluntary purchase of cleaner-than-required engines, equipment, and emission reduction technologies in an effort to rapidly reduce air pollution. While regulations continue to be the primary means to reduce air pollution emissions, the Carl Moyer Program plays a complementary role to ...

  7. United States vehicle emission standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_vehicle...

    The Clean Air Act of 1963 (CAA) was passed as an extension of the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, encouraging the federal government via the United States Public Health Service under the then-Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) to encourage research and development towards reducing pollution and working with states to establish their own emission reduction programs.

  8. Voluntary Emission Reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Emission_Reduction

    Verified Emission Reductions are usually created by projects which have been verified outside of the Kyoto Protocol. One VER is equivalent to 1 tonne of CO 2 emissions. [ 3 ] Through these schemes, industries and individuals voluntarily compensate for their emissions or provide an additional contribution to mitigating climate change.

  9. European Union Emissions Trading System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Emissions...

    These Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) can be obtained by implementing emission reduction projects in developing countries, outside the EU, that have ratified (or acceded to) the Kyoto Protocol. The implementation of Clean Development Projects is largely specified by the Marrakech Accords , a follow-on set of agreements by the Conference of ...