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A Panchatantra manuscript page. The third treatise discusses war and peace, presenting through animal characters a moral about the battle of wits being a strategic means to neutralize a vastly superior opponent's army. The thesis in this treatise is that a battle of wits is a more potent force than a battle of swords. [39]
English: Source: Philadelphia Museum of Art A fable in Pancatantra Artist/maker unknown, Rajasthan, India, 18th century Medium: Opaque watercolor on paper Classification: Manuscripts
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English: Source: Philadelphia Museum of Art The Talkative Turtle, a fable in Pancatantra Artist/maker unknown, Rajasthan, India, 18th century Medium: Opaque watercolor on paper
Kalīla wa-Domna(Persian: کلیله و دمنه) is a collection of fables.The book consists of fifteen chapters containing many fables whose heroes are animals. A remarkable animal character is the lion, who plays the role of the king; he has a servant ox Shetrebah, while the two jackals of the title, Kalila and Dimna, appear both as narrators and as protagonists.
He has increasingly focused on the kathā or narrative Sanskrit literature, the manuscript archive of which may amount to some 40,000 volumes. [5] This is in part because many generations of orientalist scholars had overlooked this rich tradition in favor of more ancient religious texts. [ 6 ]
The Panchatantra is an ancient Sanskrit collection of stories, probably first composed around 300 CE (give or take a century or two), [1] though some of its component stories may be much older. The original text is not extant, but the work has been widely revised and translated such that there exist "over 200 versions in more than 50 languages."