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Neonatal acne will typically resolve by itself in 2-6 months. In mild cases, cleansing the face daily with gentle soap and water while avoiding use of potential comedogenic soaps, lotions and oils is often enough. Further treatment is not necessary but in severe or persistent cases topical therapy can be initiated. [7]
Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a common, non-threatening rash in newborns. [1] [2] It appears in 40-70% of newborns within the first week of life, and it typically improves within 1–2 weeks. [2] [3] [4] It only occurs during the newborn period, but may appear slightly later in premature babies. [2] [5] The rash has a variable appearance.
A child with Harlequin-type ichthyosis. Visible plates on the skin and changes in the appearance of the ears and fingers, are symptoms of Harlequin-type ichthyosis. [10] Newborns with harlequin-type ichthyosis present with thick, fissured armor-plate hyperkeratosis. [11] Sufferers feature severe cranial and facial deformities.
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
The face of a newborn infant displaying snuffles indicative of congenital syphilis "Hereditary" syphilis: radiating fissures of the lips (1916). Newborns may be asymptomatic and are only identified on routine prenatal screening. If not identified and treated, these newborns develop poor feeding and runny nose. [17]
Stork bites occur in a significant number of newborns, with estimates ranging from 22–40 percent [2] to 40–70 percent; [3] they are reported more frequently for white babies than for infants of other races. [2] They result from a dilation of capillaries in the skin, [3] and may become darker when the child cries or strains. [4]
Blueberry muffin lesions in the newborn indicate the prolongation of skin blood production after birth. [3] Diagnosis involves a combination of appearance and laboratory studies, including blood tests for complete blood count, TORCH infections, haemoglobin, viral cultures and Coombs test. [1] A skin biopsy may be useful. [1]
Topical metronidazole is a commonly used treatment for rosacea; it is available in various formulations such as creams, gels, or lotions and applied to clean, dry skin once or twice daily. Topical metronidazole has been shown to effectively reduce inflammatory lesions and perilesional erythema associated with rosacea by inhibiting both ...