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The toroidal solenoid was an early 1946 design for a fusion power device designed by George Paget Thomson and Moses Blackman of Imperial College London.It proposed to confine a deuterium fuel plasma to a toroidal (donut-shaped) chamber using magnets, and then heating it to fusion temperatures using radio frequency energy in the fashion of a microwave oven.
Representing the magnetic vector potential (A), magnetic flux (B), and current density (j) fields around a toroidal inductor of circular cross-section. Thicker lines indicate field lines of higher average intensity. Circles in the cross-section of the core represent B flux coming out of the picture.
It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to magnetic fields: =, where Φ is the magnetic flux and is the reluctance of the circuit. It can be seen that the magnetomotive force plays a role in this equation analogous to the voltage V in Ohm's law , V = IR , since it is the cause of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit ...
It doubles the toroidal field (to 1 Tesla), plasma current (to 2 MA) and heating power. It increases the pulse duration by a factor of five. [3] To achieve this the central stack (CS) solenoid was widened, [4] and an OH coil, inner poloidal coils, and a 2nd neutral-ion beam line were added. [5]
In a toroidal fusion power reactor, the magnetic fields confining the plasma are formed in a helical shape, winding around the interior of the reactor. The safety factor, labeled q or q(r), is the ratio of the times a particular magnetic field line travels around a toroidal confinement area's "long way" (toroidally) to the "short way" (poloidally).
In electromagnetism, a toroidal moment is an independent term in the multipole expansion of electromagnetic fields besides magnetic and electric multipoles. In the electrostatic multipole expansion, all charge and current distributions can be expanded into a complete set of electric and magnetic multipole coefficients.
The magnetic vector potential, , is a vector field, and the electric potential, , is a scalar field such that: [5] = , =, where is the magnetic field and is the electric field. In magnetostatics where there is no time-varying current or charge distribution , only the first equation is needed.
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.