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Until the discovery of true thermodynamic temperature, the mercury thermometer usually defined the temperature. Modern thermometers are often calibrated using the triple point of water instead of the freezing point; the triple point occurs at 273.16 kelvins (K), 0.01 °C.
Upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3. ... 23 Fahrenheit's mercury thermometer was based on ... is a fixed point used as a temperature standard ...
Mercury thermometer (mercury-in-glass thermometer) ... (1701–1744) proposed a scale with zero at the boiling point and 100 degrees at the freezing point of water, ...
If an alcohol thermometer and a mercury thermometer have the same two fixed points, namely the freezing and boiling point of water, their readings will not agree with each other except at the fixed points, as the linear 1:1 relationship of expansion between any two thermometric substances may not be guaranteed.
Melting points (in blue) and boiling points (in pink) of the first eight carboxylic acids (°C). For most substances, melting and freezing points are approximately equal. For example, the melting and freezing points of mercury is 234.32 kelvins (−38.83 °C; −37.89 °F). [2]
The third calibration point, taken as 90 °F, was selected as the thermometer's reading when the instrument was placed under the arm or in the mouth. [16] Fahrenheit came up with the idea that mercury boils around 300 degrees on this temperature scale. Work by others showed that water boils about 180 degrees above its freezing point.
The freezing point of water at sea-level atmospheric pressure ... is dependent largely on temperature and is the basis of the very useful mercury-in-glass thermometer ...
Delisle chose his scale using the temperature of boiling water as the fixed zero point and measured the contraction of the mercury (with lower temperatures) in hundred-thousandths. [1] Delisle thermometers usually had 2400 or 2700 gradations, appropriate for the winter in St. Petersburg , [ 2 ] as he had been invited by Peter the Great to the ...