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It is therefore the maximum value for variables declared as integers (e.g., as int) in many programming languages. The data type time_t, used on operating systems such as Unix, is a signed integer counting the number of seconds since the start of the Unix epoch (midnight UTC of 1 January 1970), and is often implemented as a 32-bit integer. [8]
[a] Thus, a signed 32-bit integer can only represent integer values from −(2 31) to 2 31 − 1 inclusive. Consequently, if a signed 32-bit integer is used to store Unix time, the latest time that can be stored is 2 31 − 1 (2,147,483,647) seconds after epoch, which is 03:14:07 on Tuesday, 19 January 2038. [7]
[2] The internal representation of this datum is the way the value is stored in the computer's memory. Unlike mathematical integers, a typical datum in a computer has some minimal and maximum possible value. The most common representation of a positive integer is a string of bits, using the binary numeral system.
Xbox 360 was the first high-definition gaming console to utilize the ATI Technologies 256-bit GPU Xenos [2] before the introduction of the current gaming consoles especially Nintendo Switch. Some buses on the newer System on a chip (e.g. Tegra developed by Nvidia) utilize 64-bit, 128-bit, 256-bit, or higher.
For instance, using a 32-bit format, 16 bits may be used for the integer and 16 for the fraction. The eight's bit is followed by the four's bit, then the two's bit, then the one's bit. The fractional bits continue the pattern set by the integer bits. The next bit is the half's bit, then the quarter's bit, then the ⅛'s bit, and so on. For example:
The number of non-negative values for a signed 64-bit integer. 2 63 − 1, a common maximum value (equivalently the number of positive values) for a signed 64-bit integer in programming languages. 2 64 = 18 446 744 073 709 551 616 The number of distinct values representable in a single word on a 64-bit processor.
This table illustrates an example of an 8 bit signed decimal value using the two's complement method. The MSb most significant bit has a negative weight in signed integers, in this case -2 7 = -128. The other bits have positive weights. The lsb (least significant bit) has weight 1. The signed value is in this case -128+2 = -126.
A 65,536-bit integer can represent up to 2 65,536 (2.00352993... × 10 19,728) values. 65,536 is the number of characters in the original Unicode, and currently in a Unicode plane. This number is a limit in many common hardware and software implementations, some examples of which are: