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The Unit dummy force method provides a convenient means for computing displacements in structural systems. It is applicable for both linear and non-linear material behaviours as well as for systems subject to environmental effects, and hence more general than Castigliano's second theorem .
Proof by exhaustion, also known as proof by cases, proof by case analysis, complete induction or the brute force method, is a method of mathematical proof in which the statement to be proved is split into a finite number of cases or sets of equivalent cases, and where each type of case is checked to see if the proposition in question holds. [1]
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. The stress distribution can be obtained from known theoretical [1] or numerical (Finite element method) analysis. The researcher who builds up the force lines can choose a magnitude of the internal force and the initial border where the drawing procedure starts.
The parallelogram of forces is a method for solving (or visualizing) the results of applying two forces to an object. When more than two forces are involved, the geometry is no longer a parallelogram , but the same principles apply to a polygon of forces .
A specialization of the principle of virtual forces is the unit dummy force method, which is very useful for computing displacements in structural systems. According to D'Alembert's principle , inclusion of inertial forces as additional body forces will give the virtual work equation applicable to dynamical systems.
Castigliano's method, named after Carlo Alberto Castigliano, is a method for determining the displacements of a linear-elastic system based on the partial derivatives of the energy. The basic concept may be easy to understand by recalling that a change in energy is equal to the causing force times the resulting displacement.
For example, in calculation of the motion of a torus rolling on a horizontal surface with a pearl sliding inside, the time-varying constraint forces like the angular velocity of the torus, motion of the pearl in relation to the torus made it difficult to determine the motion of the torus with Newton's equations. [7]
In structural engineering, the flexibility method, also called the method of consistent deformations, is the traditional method for computing member forces and displacements in structural systems. Its modern version formulated in terms of the members' flexibility matrices also has the name the matrix force method due to its use of member forces ...