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With an optical microscope having a high numerical aperture and using oil immersion, the best possible resolution is 200 nm corresponding to a magnification of around 1200×. Without oil immersion, the maximum usable magnification is around 800×. For details, see limitations of optical microscopes.
While larger magnifications are possible no additional details of the object are resolved. [citation needed] Alternatives to optical microscopy which do not use visible light include scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy and as a result, can achieve much greater magnifications.
Small specimens necessarily require intense illumination, especially at high magnifications, and this is usually provided by a fibre-optic light source. Fiber optics utilize halogen lamps which provide high light output for a given power input. The lamps are small enough to be fitted easily near the microscope, although they often need cooling ...
The practical limit to magnification with a light microscope is around 1300×. Higher magnifications are possible, but it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain image clarity as the magnification increases. [17] Bright-field microscopes have low apparent optical resolution due to the blur of out-of-focus material;
The ratio between the maximum and minimum magnifications of a variable-power sight is known as its "zoom ratio". Confusingly, some older telescopic sights, mainly of German or other European manufacture, have a different classification where the second part of the designation refers to light-gathering power.
Image of reconstruction on a clean surface of gold. A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. . Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, then at IBM Zürich, the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1
One of the most important properties of microscope objectives is their magnification.The magnification typically ranges from 4× to 100×. It is combined with the magnification of the eyepiece to determine the overall magnification of the microscope; a 4× objective with a 10× eyepiece produces an image that is 40 times the size of the object.
Oil-immersion objectives are used only at very large magnifications that require high resolving power. Objectives with high-power magnification have short focal lengths, facilitating the use of oil. The oil is applied to the specimen (conventional microscope), and the stage is raised, immersing the objective in oil.