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The Toba eruption (also called the Toba supereruption and the Youngest Toba eruption) was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 74,000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene, [2] at the site of present-day Lake Toba, in Sumatra, Indonesia.
About 74,000 years ago, Sumatra’s Mount Toba experienced a super-eruption, one of the largest in Earth’s history, potentially kicking off a massive disruption in the world’s climate.
Toba Caldera is one of twenty geoparks in Indonesia, [2] and was recognised in July 2020 as one of the UNESCO Global Geoparks. [3] [4] [5] Lake Toba is the site of a supervolcanic eruption estimated at VEI 8 that occurred 69,000 to 77,000 years ago, [6] [7] [8] representing a climate-changing event.
Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands , it was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. Before the 1815 eruption , its elevation reached more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian ...
The Year Without a Summer was an agricultural disaster; historian John D. Post called it "the last great subsistence crisis in the Western world". [4] [5] The climatic aberrations of 1816 had their greatest effect on New England (US), Atlantic Canada, and Western Europe.
Mount Galunggung: 5 Indonesia: 1822 [4] 3,360 Mount Vesuvius: 5 Italy: 1631 1631 eruption of Mount Vesuvius: 3,000 Ritter Island: 2 Papua New Guinea: 1888 1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami: 2,957 Mount Papandayan: 3 Indonesia: 1772 [5] 2,942 Mount Lamington: 4 Papua New Guinea: 1951 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington: 2,806 Mount Awu: 3 ...
Satellite image of Lake Toba, the site of a VEI 8 eruption c. 75,000 years ago Cross-section through Long Valley Caldera. Supervolcanoes occur when magma in the mantle rises into the crust but is unable to break through it. Pressure builds in a large and growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure and ruptures.
The largest volcano of Sumatra is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 mi) × 30 km (19 mi) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present). [2] The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the highest level for a volcanic eruption.