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Beryllium poisoning is poisoning by the toxic effects of beryllium, or more usually its compounds. It takes two forms: Acute beryllium poisoning, usually as a result of exposure to soluble beryllium salts; Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) or berylliosis, usually as a result of long-term exposure to beryllium oxide usually caused by inhalation.
Beryllium ore. Acute beryllium poisoning is an occupational disease. [1] Relevant occupations are those where beryllium is mined, processed or converted into metal alloys, or where machining of metals containing beryllium or recycling of scrap alloys occurs.
Berylliosis, or chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium and its compounds, a form of beryllium poisoning. It is distinct from acute beryllium poisoning , which became rare following occupational exposure limits established around 1950. [ 1 ]
In the case of lead, any measurable amount may have negative health effects. [2] There is a popular misconception that only heavy metals can be toxic, but lighter metals such as beryllium and lithium can be toxic too. [3] Not all heavy metals are particularly toxic, and some are essential, such as iron.
The Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment at UCSF offers additional tips to help minimize exposure to toxic chemicals, like those sometimes found in microplastics.
In the US, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has designated a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for beryllium and beryllium compounds of 0.2 μg/m 3 as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) and 2.0 μg/m 3 as a short-term exposure limit over a sampling period of 15 minutes.
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Chronic exposure to beryllium can be histologically characterised by non-caseating granulomas—structures formed in certain infectious and toxin-mediated diseases in which tissue resident macrophages build a wall around the threat, thus nullifying it. Because of this, beryllium associated granulomas are occasionally responsive to steroids and ...