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In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Andorra , Iran , and the Vatican City ( Holy See ), a clergy member also acts as the head of state.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 January 2025. List of great powers from the early modern period to the post-Cold War era Great powers are often recognized in an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council. A great power is a nation, state or empire that, through its economic, political and military strength ...
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.
Ancient Egypt was one of the world's first civilizations, with its beginnings in the fertile Nile valley around 3150 BC. Ancient Egypt reached the zenith of its power during the New Kingdom (1570–1070 BC) under great pharaohs. Ancient Egypt was a great power to be contended with by both the ancient Near East, the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan ...
A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government.
Acting presidents are included in this list, but if a leader has non-consecutive terms, only the current period of service is listed. States where head of state differs from head of government are mainly parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in presidential systems or dictatorships.
An APEC leader setting the tone for the 2013 APEC CEO summit with an opening speech. Leadership, is defined as the ability of an individual, group, or organization to "lead", influence, or guide other individuals, teams, or organizations. [1] [2] "Leadership" is a contested term. [3]
Power as a goal of states or leaders; Power as a measure of influence or control over outcomes, events, actors and issues; Power as victory in conflict and the attainment of security; Power as control over resources and capabilities; Power as status, which some states or actors possess and others do not.