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A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, to produce ultraviolet and make a phosphor coating in the lamp glow.
In the 1970s, Thorn Lighting introduced an energy-saving 8 ft retrofit tube in Europe. Designed to run on the existing 125 W (240 V) series ballast but with a different gas fill and operating voltage, the tube operated at only 100 W. Increased efficiency meant that the tube produced only 9% lumen reduction for a 20% power reduction. [ 7 ]
A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb; some types fit into light fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs.
Some types contain a source of beta radiation to start ionization of the gas that fills the tube. [5] In some tubes, glow discharge around the cathode is usually minimized; instead there is a so-called positive column, filling the tube. [6] [7] [note 2] Examples are the neon lamp and nixie tubes. Nixie tubes too are cold-cathode neon displays ...
A preheat fluorescent lamp circuit using automatic starting switch. A: Fluorescent tube, B: Power (+220 volts), C: Starter, D: Switch (bi-metallic thermostat), E: Capacitor, F: Filaments, G: Ballast. When power is first applied to the circuit, there will be a glow discharge across the electrodes in the starter lamp.
External closed core induction lamp with two turn primary A Philips QL induction lighting system, where (A) Discharge vessel, (B) Tube with power coupler and (C) Electronic high frequency driver. Aside from the method of coupling energy into the mercury vapor, these lamps are very similar to conventional fluorescent lamps.