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The term "Classical Chinese" refers to the written language of the classical period of Chinese literature, from the end of the Spring and Autumn period (early 5th century BC) to the founding of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC [1] —or in a broader sense to the end of the Han dynasty in 220 AD. [2] "
Classical Chinese [a] is the language in which the classics of Chinese literature were written, from c. the 5th century BCE. [2] For millennia thereafter, the written Chinese used in these works was imitated and iterated upon by scholars in a form now called Literary Chinese , which was used for almost all formal writing in China until the ...
Classical Chinese has more pronouns compared to the modern vernacular. In particular, whereas Mandarin has one general character to refer to the first-person pronoun, Literary Chinese has several, many of which are used as part of honorific language , and several of which have different grammatical uses (first-person collective, first-person ...
A page from the Yiqiejing yinyi, the oldest extant Chinese dictionary of Buddhist technical terminology – Dunhuang manuscripts, c. 8th century. There are two types of dictionaries regularly used in the Chinese language: 'character dictionaries' (字典; zìdiǎn) list individual Chinese characters, and 'word dictionaries' (辞典; 辭典; cídiǎn) list words and phrases.
Rime dictionary of Classical Chinese, fanqie pronunciation glosses, 2,158 character entries Qiyin lüe: 1161 (Song) Rime dictionary resembling Yunjing: Shenglei: 230 (Cao Wei) First Chinese rime dictionary, lost work, partially reconstructed Shiben: 250 BC (Warring States) First Chinese encyclopedic dictionary of origins Shiming: 200 (Han)
In 1994, the dictionary also won the National Book Award of China. The Hanyu Da Cidian includes over 23,000 head Chinese character entries, defines some 370,000 words, and gives 1,500,000 citations. The head entries, which are collated by a novel 200 radical system, are given in traditional Chinese characters while simplified Chinese characters ...
The Zhonghua Da Zidian (traditional Chinese: 中華大字典; simplified Chinese: 中华大字典; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Dà Zìdiǎn; Wade–Giles: Chung-hua Ta Tzu-tien; lit. 'Chinese Great Dictionary') is an unabridged Chinese dictionary of characters, originally published in 1915 by the Zhonghua Book Company in Shanghai.
The dictionary's pronunciations are given by fanqie annotations, and have proved invaluable for historical linguists studying the Middle Chinese stage of the language's history. Sinologist Bernhard Karlgren considered the Jingdian Shiwen and the Qieyun , a rime dictionary assembled in 601, as the two primary sources for the reconstruction of ...