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Average hexavalent chromium levels in Hinkley were recorded as 1.19 parts-per-billion (ppb), with an estimated peak of 20 ppb. Based on the PG&E Background Study, the PG&E Topock Compressor Station averaged 7.8 ppb and peaked at 31.8 ppb. [33] The proposed California health goal for hexavalent chromium was 0.02 ppb in 2011. [34]
There were an estimated 700 properties above or near the chromium groundwater contamination. The EPA found that 14 out of the 512 investigated basements had hexavalent chromium levels above acceptable; the EPA removed the chromium and installed systems to prevent further contamination in thirteen out of the fourteen basements. [1]
The chemistry of the groundwater in eastern Central Greece (central Euboea and the Asopos valley) revealed high concentrations of hexavalent chromium in groundwater systems sometimes exceeding the Greek and the EU drinking water maximum acceptable level for total chromium. Hexavalent chromium pollution in Greece is associated with industrial waste.
California has set a limit for the toxic heavy metal hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Advocates have called for a stricter limit, warning of health risks.
The contamination resulted in a $333 million settlement in 1996. The clean-up process is ongoing as of 2022, with monthly monitoring reports submitted by PG&E. [69] This case has led to California being the only state in the US to adopt an MCL of 10 ppb specifically for hexavalent chromium instead of relying on an overall total chromium count. [70]
Soil contamination by metals including chromium, copper and lead and groundwater and surface water contamination by hexavalent chromium from former tool manufacturing. Groundwater contamination has affected the Memphis Aquifer and two Collierville municipal wells have been taken out of service as a result. [49] [50]
Groundwater contaminated by strontium-90, carbon-14, tritium and hexavalent chromium and discharges into the Columbia River, which is the water supply for over 170,000 people. [ 33 ] June 24, 1988
Groundwater contamination by hexavalent chromium, with elevated levels of cadmium, nickel and other heavy metals. Groundwater VOC contamination attributed to neighboring industry. Groundwater contamination has not been detected in municipal drinking water wells. [13] [14] 06/24/1988: 10/04/1989