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The equation defining a plane curve expressed in polar coordinates is known as a polar equation. In many cases, such an equation can simply be specified by defining r as a function of φ. The resulting curve then consists of points of the form (r(φ), φ) and can be regarded as the graph of the polar function r.
The p-th polar of a C for a natural number p is defined as Δ Q p f(x, y, z) = 0. This is a curve of degree n−p. When p is n−1 the p-th polar is a line called the polar line of C with respect to Q. Similarly, when p is n−2 the curve is called the polar conic of C.
Conversely, the polar line (or polar) of a point Q in a circle C is the line L such that its closest point P to the center of the circle is the inversion of Q in C. If a point A lies on the polar line q of another point Q, then Q lies on the polar line a of A. More generally, the polars of all the points on the line q must pass through its pole Q.
Archimedean spiral represented on a polar graph. The Archimedean spiral has the property that any ray from the origin intersects successive turnings of the spiral in points with a constant separation distance (equal to 2πb if θ is measured in radians), hence the name "arithmetic spiral".
Two Dimensional Curves; Visual Dictionary of Special Plane Curves; Curves and Surfaces Index (Harvey Mudd College) National Curve Bank; An elementary treatise on cubic and quartic curves by Alfred Barnard Basset (1901) online at Google Books
A polar diagram could refer to: Polar area diagram, a type of pie chart; Radiation pattern, in antenna theory; A diagram based on polar coordinates; Spherical coordinate system, the three-dimensional form of a polar response curve; In sailing, a Polar diagram is a graph that shows a sailing boats potential wind speed over a range of wind and ...
Log-polar coordinates in the plane consist of a pair of real numbers (ρ,θ), where ρ is the logarithm of the distance between a given point and the origin and θ is the angle between a line of reference (the x-axis) and the line through the origin and the point.
The definitions for plane curves and implicitly-defined curves have been generalized by René Thom and Vladimir Arnold to curves defined by differentiable functions: a curve has a cusp at a point if there is a diffeomorphism of a neighborhood of the point in the ambient space, which maps the curve onto one of the above-defined cusps.