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Definition / general. A review of the normal constituents of the gastric wall, with a focus on the gastric mucosa, its compartments, its cell types and their cellular products. Essential features. Anatomic regions: cardia, fundus, body, antrum / pylorus. Layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, subserosa, serosa.
The gastric transitional zones are the junctional zones between the different types of mucosa: antral-body, body-cardia, and antrum-duodenum. In this article, the importance of the transitional zone in determining disease outcome, specifically duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and possibly gastric cancer, is reviewed.
Pyloric and cardiac glands largely lack parietal and chief cells, but have abundant mucous neck cells. This makes sense, as these segments are areas of transition between the stomach and other parts of the GI tract.
Figure 2.14 Transitional mucosa. The junction of the body and antrum contains a transition zone that includes a mixture of both the clear pyloric glands of the antrum (left bracket), and the mixed pink and blue oxyntic glands of the body (right bracket).
The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the gastric pits, to which the gastric glands empty. In humans, it is about one mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety.
As people age, transitional mucosa gradually creep proximally, especially along the lesser curvature. The border between the antrum and corpus may show a mixture of oxyntic and mucous glands for a variable length of mucosa.
The Antral-Body Transitional Zone. Transitional zones are the junctional areas between two contiguous mucosae. The antral-corpus zone is a narrow area in which acid-secreting oxyntic glands give way to simple mucous glands of the antrum. The site of the boundary between antrum and corpus will be governed by the relative size of these compartments.