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The bond angle for water is 104.5°. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈvɛspər, vəˈsɛpər / VESP-ər, [ 1 ]: 410və-SEP-ər[ 2 ]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [ 3 ] It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm ...
Steric effects arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms. When atoms come close together there is generally a rise in the energy of the molecule. Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules. Steric effects complement electronic effects, which dictate the shape and ...
In biochemistry, a Ramachandran plot (also known as a Rama plot, a Ramachandran diagram or a [φ,ψ] plot), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. Ramachandran, C. Ramakrishnan, and V. Sasisekharan, [1] is a way to visualize energetically allowed regions for backbone dihedral angles ψ against φ of amino acid residues in protein structure.
Molecular geometry. Geometry of the water molecule with values for O-H bond length and for H-O-H bond angle between two bonds. Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other ...
Sulfur dioxide is an intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid, being converted to sulfur trioxide, and then to oleum, which is made into sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide for this purpose is made when sulfur combines with oxygen. The method of converting sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid is called the contact process.
The stereoelectronic effect, which is the interaction shown above when the acceptor orbital is the σ*(Si–CH 3), appears to be a more predominant factor in determining the reaction selectivity against the steric hindrance and even wins over the penalty of the disrupted conjugation system of the product due to steric clash. [23]
The number of points accessible is multiplied by the portion of surface area each point represents to calculate the ASA. The choice of the 'probe radius' does have an effect on the observed surface area, as using a smaller probe radius detects more surface details and therefore reports a larger surface.
A lone pair of electrons resides on the sulfur atom, giving it tetrahedral electron-pair geometry and trigonal pyramidal shape (steric number 4 with one lone pair; see VSEPR theory). When the two organic residues are dissimilar, the sulfur atom is a chiral center, for example, in methyl phenyl sulfoxide.