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The four-toed salamander can be easily mistaken for the redback salamander (Plethodon cinereus) in the wild. The redback salamander's underbelly has more numerous black markings. Unlike the four-toed salamander, the redback salamander has no constriction at the tail base, and its posterior limbs show five digits. [3]: 241–242
Northern, central, and eastern Arkansas, with a disjointed population centered around Bradley County [1] Ozark zigzag salamander: Plethodon angusticlavius Grobman, 1944: Vulnerable [48] Northwestern and north-central Arkansas Caddo Mountain salamander: Plethodon caddoensis C. H. Pope & S. H. Pope, 1951: Imperiled [49] Endemic to Arkansas
Amphiuma is a genus of aquatic salamanders from the United States, [2] the only extant genus within the family Amphiumidae / æ m f ɪ ˈ juː m ɪ d iː /. [3] They are colloquially known as amphiumas. [2]
Biofluorescence in a three-toed amphiuma. The three-toed amphiuma looks rather eel-like, with an elongate, dark gray-black, or brown colored body, and tiny vestigial legs. A large salamander, one record sized individual was recorded at 41.25 inches (104.8 cm), but 18–30 inches (46–76 cm) is the typical size of an average adult. [3]
The long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum, Baird 1849) [4] is a mole salamander in the family Ambystomatidae.This species, typically 4.1–8.9 cm (1 + 3 ⁄ 5 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long when mature, is characterized by its mottled black, brown and yellow pigmentation, and its long outer fourth toe on the hind limbs.
Plethodon is part of the family Plethodontidae (lungless salamanders) and the subfamily Plethodontinae.The genus Plethodon can be divided into two subgenera: the nominal subgenus Plethodon, which includes up to 49 eastern species (the bulk of diversity in the genus), and the subgenus Hightonia, [5] which includes 9 species native to the western part of North America.
[4] Despite the absence of lungs, some can grow rather large. The largest species of lungless salamanders, Bell's false brook salamander, can reach lengths of 36 cm (14 in). [5] Many species have a projectile tongue and hyoid apparatus, which they can fire almost a body length at high speed to capture prey.
[2] [4] Although referred to as the Big Night, the event for a species sometimes occurs on several occasions over days or weeks. [2] [3] [5] In temperate areas, the event usually happens when temperatures are optimal for the particular species, after a rain. [2] The salamander gathering for the mating ritual is known as a salamander congress. [2]