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The Bronze Age-style sword and construction methods died out at the end of the early Iron Age (Hallstatt D), around 600-500 BC, when swords were once again replaced by daggers in most of Europe. An exception is the xiphos from Greece, the development of which continued for several more centuries.
A longsword (also spelled as long sword or long-sword) is a type of European sword characterized as having a cruciform hilt with a grip for primarily two-handed use (around 15 to 30 cm or 6 to 12 in), a straight double-edged blade of around 80 to 110 cm (31 to 43 in), and weighing approximately 2 to 3 kg (4 lb 7 oz to 6 lb 10 oz). [2] [3]
[2] [3] Non-European weapons classified as swords include single-edged weapons such as the Middle Eastern scimitar, the Chinese dao and the related Japanese katana. The Chinese jiàn 剑 is an example of a non-European double-edged sword, like the European models derived from the double-edged Iron Age sword.
Sword of Attila or the Sword of Mars, the sword of Attila the Hun, ruler of the Huns from 434 to 453. [2] Colada ("Cast [Steel]"), one of two swords owned by El Cid, the other being Tizona, which is preserved. Żuraw or Grus ("Crane"), the sword of Boleslaus III, Duke of Poland from 1107 to 1138. Possibly the same sword as Szczerbiec, which is ...
A rather sudden development, perhaps in the mid-third century BC, is the bronze "long sword", typically about a metre long. An example from the First Emperor's mausoleum... Most iron swords are also long, and the development of the long bronze sword is often considered to be related to the development of the long iron sword. [8] —
The body of techniques used in English Longsword use has survived to the modern day in three manuscripts: The Ledall Roll (British Library Add MS 39564); Man yt Wol ("The Man that Will") (British Library Harley MS 3542) [2] [3] and the British Library Cotton Titus Manuscript [4] [5]
A Katzbalger (German: [ˈkat͡sbalɡɐ] ⓘ) is a short arming sword, used in early modern Europe notable for its sturdy build and a distinctive s-shaped or figure-8 shaped guard. Measuring 70–80 cm (28–31 in) long and weighing 0.8–1.5 kg (1.8–3.3 lb), it was the signature blade of the Landsknecht.
They were 130 cm (4 ft) long and 3 cm (1 in) broad. [15] Another type, the single-edged sword was a solid piece of bronze c. 66 cm (2.17 ft)–74 cm (2.43 ft) long. This shorter sword was most probably used for close-quarters combat. [15] In the 14th century BC, both types were progressively modified with stronger grips and shorter blades.